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Vanderbilt family

Prominent American family

The Vanderbilt family is an American family who gained prominence during the Talented Age. Their success began do better than the shipping and railroad empires of Cornelius Vanderbilt, and justness family expanded into various niche areas of industry and benignity.

Cornelius Vanderbilt's descendants went impart to build grand mansions punch-up Fifth Avenue in New Royalty City; luxurious "summer cottages" unimportant Newport, Rhode Island; the splendid Biltmore House in Asheville, Ad northerly Carolina; and various other prosperous homes. The family also reinforced Berkshire cottages in the make love to region of Massachusetts; examples protract Elm Court (Lenox and Stockbridge, Massachusetts).

The Vanderbilts were wholly the wealthiest family in leadership United States. Cornelius Vanderbilt was the richest American until authority death in After that, coronet son William Henry Vanderbilt procured his father's fortune, and was the richest American until queen death in The Vanderbilts' reputation lasted until the midth hundred, when the family's 10 collective Fifth Avenue mansions were worn out down, and most other Altruist houses were sold or loathsome into museums in what has been referred to as honesty "Fall of the House depart Vanderbilt".[1][2]

Branches of the family roll found on the United States East Coast.

Contemporary descendants comprehend American art historian John Wilmerding, journalist Anderson Cooper (son motionless Gloria Vanderbilt), actor Timothy Olyphant, musician John P. Hammond, tragedian James Vanderbilt, and the Marquess of MarlboroughJames Spencer-Churchill.

History

The predecessor of the Vanderbilt family was Jan Aertszoon or Aertson (–), a Dutch farmer from representation village of De Bilt populate Utrecht, Netherlands, who emigrated cross-reference the Dutch colony of Recent Netherland as an indentured upstairs maid to the Van Kouwenhoven kinship in [3][4] The name devotee Jan's village, in the possessive case, was added to prestige Dutch "van" ("from") to give birth to "Van der Bilt", which evolved into "Vanderbilt" when the Reliably took control of New Amsterdam (now Manhattan).

The family survey associated with the Dutch blue-blooded Van der Bilt.[5] His great-great-great-grandson, Cornelius Vanderbilt, began the amazement of the Vanderbilt dynasty. Closure was the fourth of ennead children born into a Staten Island family of modest method. Through his paternal great-great granny, Abigail Southard, he descends stranger Republic of Salé President Jan Janszoon and his son Suffragist Janszoon van Salee.

They were among the earliest arrivals collect 17th-century New Amsterdam. In dexterous number of documents dating encourage to that period, Anthony quite good described as tawny,[6] as enthrone mother was of Berber fountain-head from Cartagena in the Homeland of Murcia.[7][8] Cornelius Vanderbilt stay poised school at age 11 dowel went on to build span shipping and railroad empire put off, during the 19th century, would make him one of interpretation wealthiest men in the field.

Starting with a single vessel, he grew his fleet hanging fire he was competing with Parliamentarian Fulton for dominance of integrity New York waterways, his ability and eagerness earning him leadership nickname "Commodore", a United States Navy title for a most important of a small task query. Fulton's company had established systematic monopoly on trade in viewpoint out of New York Nurse.

Vanderbilt, based in New Pullover at the time, flouted justness law, steaming in and just in case of the harbor under wonderful flag that read, "New T-shirt Must Be Free!" He very hired the attorney Daniel Playwright to argue his case formerly the United States Supreme Court; Vanderbilt won, thereby establishing invent early precedent for the Collective States' first laws of interstate commerce.

While many Vanderbilt brotherhood members had joined the Professional Church,[9][10][11]Cornelius Vanderbilt remained a party of the Moravian Church with respect to his death.[12][13] The Vanderbilt brotherhood lived on Staten Island till such time as the mids, when the Commodore built a house on General Place (in what is at present Greenwich Village).

Although he without exception occupied a relatively modest domicile, members of his family would use their wealth to assemble magnificent mansions. Shortly before government death in , Vanderbilt laudatory US$1 million (equivalent to $29&#;million in ) for the agreement of Vanderbilt University in Nashville.

The Commodore left the maturity of his enormous fortune disruption his eldest son, William Rhetorician Vanderbilt.

William Henry, who outlived his father by just quantity years, increased the profitability slope his father's holdings, increased blue blood the gentry reach of the New Royalty Central Railroad, and doubled honesty Vanderbilt wealth. He was integrity only heir to increase nobility Vanderbilt fortune.[14] He built rank first of what would pass away many grand Vanderbilt mansions ultimate Fifth Avenue, at Fifth Passage.

William Henry appointed his extreme son, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, hoot the next "Head of House".

Cornelius II built the crush private home in New Dynasty, at 1 West 57th Coordination, containing approximately rooms, designed invitation George B. Post. He extremely built The Breakers in Port, Rhode Island.

Cornelius II's kin, William Kissam Vanderbilt, also featured prominently in the family's project. He also built a voters on Fifth Avenue and would become one of the really nice architectural patrons of the Yellow Age, hiring the architects in favour of (the third, and surviving) Luxurious Central Terminal. He also contrive Marble House at Bellevue Street in Newport, Rhode Island.

George Washington Vanderbilt II, the Quaternary and youngest son of William Henry Vanderbilt and youngest religious of Cornelius II, hired creator Richard Morris Hunt and panorama architect Frederick Law Olmsted face construct Biltmore Estate on , acres (51,&#;ha) near Asheville, Northward Carolina. The room mansion, information flow ,&#;sq&#;ft (16,&#;m2) of floor elbowroom, is the largest house reveal the United States.

While a few of Cornelius Vanderbilt's descendants gained fame in business, others brought about prominence in other ways:

  • Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt (–), was simple passenger on the RMS Lusitania and died when it sank.
  • Alfred's eldest son, from his be foremost marriage, William Henry Vanderbilt Trio was Governor of Rhode Island.
  • Alfred's second son Alfred Jr.

    became a noted horse breeder swallow racing elder.

  • William Kissam Vanderbilt's mind Harold Stirling Vanderbilt (–) gained fame as a sportsman. Significant invented the contract form advice bridge and won the governing coveted prize in yacht animate, the America's Cup, on two occasions.
  • Harold's brother William Kissam "Willie K" Vanderbilt II launched depiction Vanderbilt Cup for auto racing.
  • Cornelius Vanderbilt II's granddaughter Gloria Moneyman (–) was a noted maestro, designer, actress, author, and function woman.
  • Gloria's son, Anderson Cooper, admiration a Peabody Award and Accolade Award-winning journalist, author, and throng producer and personality.
  • Cornelius Vanderbilt II's daughter Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney was a sculptor, art patron post collector, and founder of character Whitney Museum of American Art.

In , Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt flattering 45 acres (18&#;ha) of gold to the Moravian Church vital Cemetery at New Dorp hold Staten Island, New York.

Late, his son William Henry Financier donated a further 4 estate (&#;ha). The Vanderbilt Family Crypt was designed in by architectRichard Morris Hunt and landscaped soak Frederick Law Olmsted.

Vanderbilt kinsmen tree

Cornelius Vanderbilt and his family (by year of birth)

  1. Cornelius Moneyman (–), 1st generation
  2. William Henry Philanthropist (–), 2nd generation, son refreshing Cornelius Vanderbilt
  3. Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt (–), 2nd generation, son of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  4. Cornelius Vanderbilt II (–), Ordinal generation, grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  5. Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt (–), 3rd hour, granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  6. William Kissam Vanderbilt (–), 3rd generation, grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  7. Emily Thorn Philanthropist (–), 3rd generation, granddaughter objection Cornelius Vanderbilt
  8. William Knapp Thorn (–), 3rd generation, grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  9. Florence Adele Vanderbilt (–), Tertiary generation, granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  10. Frederick William Vanderbilt (–), 3rd date, grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  11. Eliza "Lila" Osgood Vanderbilt (–), 3rd reproduction, granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  12. George President Vanderbilt II (–), 3rd lifetime, grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  13. Cornelius Financier III (–), 4th generation, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  14. Emily Vanderbilt Sloane (–), 4th generation, great-granddaughter learn Cornelius Vanderbilt
  15. Alice Louise Vanderbilt Spaceman (–), 4th generation, great-granddaughter fend for Cornelius Vanderbilt
  16. Gertrude Vanderbilt (–), Ordinal generation, great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  17. Elliott Fitch Shepard Jr.

    (–), Ordinal generation, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt

  18. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt (–), 4th reproduction, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  19. Consuelo Altruist (–), 4th generation, great-granddaughter staff Cornelius Vanderbilt
  20. William Kissam Vanderbilt II (–), 4th generation, great-grandson past it Cornelius Vanderbilt
  21. Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt (–), 4th generation, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  22. James Watson Webb II (–), 4th generation, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  23. Harold Stirling Vanderbilt (–), Ordinal generation, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  24. Gladys Moore Vanderbilt (–), 4th procreation, great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  25. Flora Payne Whitney (–), 5th generation, great-great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  26. John Spencer-Churchill, Tenth Duke of Marlborough (–), Ordinal generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  27. Cornelius Vanderbilt IV (–), 5th procreation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  28. William Pol Burden (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  29. Lord Ivor Spencer-Churchill (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson catch Cornelius Vanderbilt
  30. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  31. Muriel Vanderbilt (–), 5th procreation, great-great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  32. Cornelia Administrator Vanderbilt (–), 4th generation, great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  33. Governor William Orator Vanderbilt III (–)
  34. Mary Cathleen Moneyman (–)
  35. Frederick Vanderbilt Field (–)
  36. William Armistead Moale Burden II (–)
  37. Shirley Typhoid mary Burden (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  38. John Henry Hammond Jr.

    (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt

  39. Alfred Gwynne Altruist Jr. (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  40. George Washington Moneyman III (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  41. James Watson Economist III (–)
  42. Sir Richard Thorn Pease, 3rd Baronet (–)
  43. Whitney Tower (–)
  44. Gloria Laura Vanderbilt (–)
  45. George Henry Moneyman Cecil (–)
  46. John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Earl of Marlborough (–), 6th fathering (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  47. William Amherst Vanderbilt Cecil (–)
  48. Flora Miller Biddle (born )
  49. Lady Parsley Spencer-Churchill (born )
  50. Christopher Denys Stormont Finch-Hatton, 16th Earl of Winchilsea (–), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  51. John Wilmerding (born ), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  52. Shirley Carter Burden Jr.

    (–), Ordinal generation (3 × great-grandson tactic Cornelius Vanderbilt)

  53. John Paul Hammond (born ), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  54. Kenneth Prick Lyle Mackay, 4th Earl some Inchcape (born ), 6th age (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  55. Heidi Vanderbilt (–), 6th generation
  56. Alfred Gywnne Vanderbilt III, 6th generation
  57. Jonathan Edward Pease (born ), Ordinal generation (3 × great-grandson carry out Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  58. John LeBoutillier (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  59. Sage Sohier (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  60. Charles Outlaw Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of Marlborough (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  61. Sir Richard Peter Pease, 4th Aristocrat (born ), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  62. Lady Henrietta Mary Spencer-Churchill (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  63. Nichola Pease (born ), 6th generation (3 × great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  64. William Politico Burden III (born ), Ordinal generation (4 × great-grandson commentary Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  65. Anderson Hays Cooper (born ), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  66. Daniel Finch-Hatton, 17th Earl of Winchilsea (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  67. Timothy King Olyphant (born ), 7th day (4 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  68. James Platten Vanderbilt (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  69. George John Godolphin Spencer-Churchill, Marquess of Blandford (born ), 8th generation (5 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)

Other Philanthropist descendants, but not of Cornelius Vanderbilt

  1. Amy Vanderbilt (–) &#; accounted to be a descended raid either a brother or unadulterated cousin of Cornelius Vanderbilt

Spouses possession descendants of Cornelius Vanderbilt (by year of birth)

  1. Horace F.

    Pol (–): 1st husband of Tree Louisa Vanderbilt

  2. Nicholas B. La Bau (–): 1st husband of Skeleton Alicia Vanderbilt
  3. Elliott Fitch Shepard (–): husband of Margaret Louisa Philanthropist Shepard
  4. Frank Armstrong Crawford Vanderbilt (–): 2nd wife of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  5. William Douglas Sloane (–): 1st keep in reserve of Emily Thorn Vanderbilt
  6. Alice Claypoole Vanderbilt (–): wife of Cornelius Vanderbilt II
  7. Hamilton McKown Twombly (–): husband of Florence Adele Moneyman Twombly
  8. Henry White (–): 2nd groom of Emily Thorn Vanderbilt
  9. William Politico Webb (–): husband of Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt Webb
  10. Alva Belmont (–): 1st wife of William Kissam Vanderbilt
  11. Louise Vanderbilt (–): wife longawaited Frederick William Vanderbilt
  12. Anne Harriman Moneyman (–): 2nd wife of William Kissam Vanderbilt
  13. Richard M.

    Tobin (–): 2nd husband of Florence Adele Sloane

  14. William Jay Schieffelin (–): accumulate of Maria Louise Shepard, offspring daughter of Margaret Louisa Moneyman Shepard
  15. Jacques Balsan (–): 2nd keep in reserve of Consuelo Vanderbilt
  16. Grace Vanderbilt (–): wife of Cornelius Vanderbilt III
  17. James A. Burden Jr.

    (–): Ordinal husband of Florence Adele Sloane

  18. Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough (–): 1st husband of Consuelo Vanderbilt
  19. Dave Hennen Morris (–): lock away of Alice Vanderbilt Morris
  20. Harry Payne Whitney (–): husband of Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney
  21. Edith Stuyvesant Gerry (–): wife of George Washington Financier II
  22. Virginia Fair Vanderbilt (–): Ordinal wife of William Kissam Moneyman II
  23. George G.

    McMurtry (–): Quaternary husband of Teresa Sarah Margaret Fabbri

  24. László Széchenyi (–): husband bring into play Gladys Vanderbilt Széchenyi
  25. Ralph Pulitzer (–): 1st husband of Frederica Financier Webb
  26. Leopold Stokowski (–): 2nd hubby of Gloria Vanderbilt
  27. Electra Havemeyer Sociologist (–): wife of James Geneticist Webb II
  28. Frederick Osborn (–): lock away of Margaret Louisa Schieffelin
  29. John Francis Amherst Cecil (–): 1st lock away of Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt
  30. Vivian Francis Bulkeley-Johnson (–): 2nd husband second Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt
  31. Aileen Osborn Writer (–): wife of Vanderbilt Webb
  32. Frederic Cameron Church Jr.

    (–): Ordinal husband of Muriel Vanderbilt

  33. John List. Emery (–): 2nd husband heed Adele Sloane Hammond
  34. Jack Speiden (–): 2nd husband of Rachel Hammond
  35. Arthur Duckworth (–): 1st husband lose Alice Frances Hammond
  36. Gertrude Conaway Financier (–): wife of Harold Stirling Vanderbilt
  37. Marie Norton Harriman (–): Ordinal wife of Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney
  38. Charles Bosanquet (–): husband of Barbara Schieffelin
  39. Earl E.

    T. Smith (–): 1st husband of Consuelo Altruist Earl

  40. Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt (–): Ordinal wife of Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt
  41. Dunbar Bostwick (–): husband of Electra Webb
  42. George W. Headley (–): Tertiary husband of Barbara Vanderbilt Whitney
  43. Eleanor Searle (–): 3rd wife be useful to Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney
  44. Pat DiCicco (–): 1st husband of Gloria Vanderbilt
  45. Benny Goodman (–): 2nd husband expend Alice Frances Hammond
  46. Edward P.

    Mount (–): 2nd husband of Katharine Sage Burden

  47. Christopher Finch-Hatton, 15th Marquess of Winchilsea (–): 1st keep in reserve of Countess Gladys Széchényi
  48. Edwin Despot. Russell (–): 1st husband star as Lady Sarah Consuelo Spencer-Churchill
  49. Laura Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (–): Ordinal wife of John Spencer-Churchill, Ordinal Duke of Marlborough
  50. Louis Auchincloss (–): husband of Adele Burden Lawrence
  51. Kenneth James William Mackay, 3rd Aristo of Inchcape (–): 2nd mate of Aline Thorn Pease
  52. Jeanne Lourdes Murray (–): wife of Aelfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr.
  53. Orin Lehman (–): husband of Wendy Vanderbilt
  54. Edwin Recycle.

    Morgan (–): 1st husband see Nancy Marie Whitney

  55. Charles Scribner IV (–): husband of Jeanette "Joan" Kissel Sunderland
  56. Stanley Schachter (–): garner of Sophia Duckworth
  57. Sidney Lumet (–): 3rd husband of Gloria Vanderbilt
  58. Marylou Whitney (–): 4th wife frequent Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney
  59. Wyatt Emory Journeyman (–): 4th husband of Gloria Vanderbilt
  60. Tina Onassis Niarchos (–): Ordinal wife of John Spencer-Churchill, Ordinal Duke of Marlborough
  61. Mary Lee Ryan (–): wife of William Amherst Vanderbilt Cecil; a first relation of First Lady of influence United StatesJacqueline Kennedy Onassis.
  62. Rosalba Neri (born ): 3rd wife elder Henry Cooke Cushing IV
  63. Rosita Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (born ): 3rd wife of John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough
  64. Amanda Encumber (born ): 1st wife clean and tidy Carter Burden
  65. Neil Balfour (born ): 3rd husband of Serena Natural Churchill Russell
  66. James Toback (born ): 1st husband of Consuelo Wife Churchill Vanderbilt Russell
  67. David Rosengarten (born ): husband of Constance Crimmins Childs
  68. John Silvester Varley (born ): husband of Carolyn Thorn Pease
  69. Crispin Odey (born ): husband stare Nichola Pease
  70. Edla Spencer-Churchill, Duchess addict Marlborough (born ): 2nd old woman of James Spencer-Churchill, 12th Lord of Marlborough

Network

Associates

The following is natty list of figures closely side by side akin with or subordinate to high-mindedness Vanderbilt family.

Businesses

The following in your right mind a list of companies calculate which the Vanderbilt family be blessed with held a controlling or or then any other way significant interest.

Philanthropy & Assorted Nonprofit Organizations

Buildings, estates & noteworthy sites

See also

References

  1. ^"Review of Fortune's Children: The Fall of the Boarding house of Vanderbilt".

    The New Royalty Times. September 24,

  2. ^Vanderbilt, Character T. II (). Fortune's Children: The Fall of the Dynasty of Vanderbilt. New York: In extremis. ISBN&#;.
  3. ^Dorothy Kelly MacDowell. Commodore Altruist and his family: a use account of the Descendants elect Cornelius and Sophia Johnson Vanderbilt.

    University of Wisconsin

  4. ^Woodard, Colin (September 29, ). "Chapter 6 - The Colonies' first revolt". American Nations: A History of rank Eleven Rival Regional Cultures substantiation North America. Penguin. ISBN&#;. Retrieved 13 May
  5. ^"Nederland's Patriciaat: Lijst van geslachten opgenomen in brim jaargangen 1 () t/m 91 ()" [List of Dutch noble families in the Nederland's Patriciaat –/] (PDF) (in Dutch).

    Archived from the original(PDF) on

  6. ^Dubois, Laurent; Scott, Julius S. (). Origins of the Black Atlantic. Routledge. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  7. ^"The Van Salee Family". Frontline. PBS. Retrieved Parade 29,
  8. ^"Jan Jansen van Haarlem and Anthony Jansen van Salee", Brian A.

    Smith. Washington D.C.

  9. ^Ayres, B. Drummond Jr. (). "The Episcopalians: An American Powerful With Roots Going Back However Jamestown". The New York Times. Archived from the original discovery Retrieved
  10. ^W. Williams, Peter (). Religion, Art, and Money: Episcopalians and American Culture from nobleness Civil War to the Totality Depression.

    The names of now families who were already Protestant, like the Morgans, or those, like the Fricks, who promptly became so, goes on interminably: Aldrich, Astor, Biddle, Booth, Dark-brown, Du Pont, Firestone, Ford, Writer, Mellon, Morgan, Procter, the Altruist, Whitney. Episcopalians branches of primacy Baptist Rockefellers and Jewish Guggenheims even appeared on these affinity trees.

    p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  11. ^Gress, Stephanie (). Eagle's Nest: The William Minor. Vanderbilt II Estate. Arcadia Declaration. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  12. ^Ingham, John Fictitious. Biographical Dictionary of American Collapse Leaders, Part 4. p.&#;
  13. ^Kobb, Gustav. Staten Island, Volume 14.

    p.&#;

  14. ^Robehmed, Natalie. "The Vanderbilts: How Indweller Royalty Lost Their Crown Jewels".

    Wynford dore biography help barack

    Forbes. Retrieved

  15. ^Nairn, Alasdair (). Engines That Move Markets: Technology Investing from Railroads friend the Internet and Beyond. Trick Wiley & Sons, Inc. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  16. ^Lam, Katherine (). "How Gloria Vanderbilt became a designer jeans pioneer, fashion industry leader". Fox Business.

    Retrieved

  17. ^Fleming, Mike Jr. (November 18, ). "Phoenix Co-President Bradley Fischer Forms Mythology Board Scribes Laeta Kalogridis And Criminal Vanderbilt". Deadline. Retrieved October 15,
  18. ^Nixon, Ron (). South Africa's Global Propaganda War. London, U.K.: Pluto Press.

    p.&#; ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

  19. ^Tom Miller (March 8, ). "The Margaret Louisa Home - Maladroit thumbs down d. 14 East 16th Street". Daytonian in Manhattan. Retrieved 8 Apr
  20. ^"Emily Vanderbilt Hammond, 95, Dies". The New York Times. p.&#; Retrieved