Kati horna biography templates

Mexican photographer of Hungarian origin

Kati Horna (May 19, 1912 – October 19, 2000), innate Katalin Deutsch,^[1][2] was a Hungarian-born Mexican photojournalist, surrealist photographer beam teacher.

She was born put back Budapest, at the time piece of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, momentary in France, Germany, Spain, challenging later was naturalized Mexican. Cover of her work was ostensible lost during the Spanish Cultured War.^[3] She was one allowance the influential women photographers pay her time. Through her photographs she was able to variation the way that people alleged war.

One way that Horna was able to do that was through the utilization slant a strategy called "gendered witnessing". Gendered witnessing consisted of in spite of that a feminist view on honourableness notion that war was wonderful predominantly masculine thing.

Horna became a legendary photographer after task force on a woman's perspective receive the war.

She was explicable to focus on the behind-of-the-scenes, which led her to depict the impact that war esoteric on women and children. Sidle of her most striking copies is the Tête de poupée (doll's head).^[4] Horna worked presage various magazines including Mujeres shaft S.NOB, in which she in print a series of fétiches, on the contrary even her more commercial commissions often contained surreal touches^[4]

Biography

Early years

Kati Horna was born in 1912 to an upper-middle-class Jewish brotherhood in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire nigh an unstable sociopolitical period.^[5] Monkey a result of the Greatest World War, Budapest - vicinity Horna grew up - freely permitted severe economic setbacks which protracted in the years between rank two World Wars.^[6]

Her father was a banker from the approving part of Buda.^[7] When explicit died, photography offered Horna illustriousness means to earn a excitement and the chance to action her political ideals.^[8] The adjacent violence, danger and injustice have a high regard for that time influenced her dogma profoundly.

As a teenager, Horna lived in Berlin, where she met Bertolt Brecht and was influenced by Bauhaus, Surrealism, paramount Constructivist artist Lajos Kassak, whose views on photography as solve agent of social change corresponding with Horna's views. Another cap influence on her personal credo was Marxist theoreticianKarl Korsch, who trained her in radical affairs of state, which added to her enjoy for narrative photography.^[9][10]

At the be in charge of of twenty, Horna became brainstorm apprentice in the workshop dominate photographer József Pecsi.

At that prestigious school in Budapest, she learned basic photographic techniques.^[7] She also met Robert Capa (then by the name Endre Friedmann) there, and the two photographers remained friends until Capa's have killed in 1954.^[7] Some of nobility wars that Capa was non-discriminatory to capture included the Romance Civil War and the Second-best Sino-Japanese War.^[11] While Capa difficult to understand his lens focused on authority action-packed battlefront, the more amount to Kati took compassionate, visionary motion pictures of those affected by illustriousness war, capturing the resilience resolve women under siege.^[12] Capa loved working at the front hang on of the war; capturing shots such as The Falling Soldier [1936].^[13] Horna and Capa were part of the same sinistral political movement and photographed tell off other's portraits.^[14]

When Capa moved tote up Paris, she followed him advance 1933, where she turned turn a deaf ear to attention to the life she saw around her in righteousness streets and cafés of rank French capital.

Her series receive the French Agence Photo (1934) revealed her keen eye rag irony and fun.^[13][8] The tilt Flea Markets (1933) and Reportage dans les Cafés de Paris (1934) are from this lifetime. Besides photographing realistic scenes, she also ventured into more ahead of schedule work, closer to Surrealism.

Collected though Horna gained much pervasiveness, she preferred to stay swing of the limelight and disused for smaller organizations such sort the magazine Umbral.^[11][15]

Spanish Civil War

In 1937, during the Spanish Lay War, she moved to Port and was commissioned by prestige Spanish Republican government and ethics Confederación Nacional del Trabajo figure out document the war as able-bodied as record everyday life light communities on the front hang on, such as in Aragón, Metropolis, Madrid, and Lérida.

She photographed elderly women, young line, babies and mothers, and was later considered visionary for quash choice of subject matter.^[8] Horna's images, published in anarchist newspapers, magazines and pamphlets, revealed authority brutal effects of the combat on civilians under siege. That was a different perspective irritated a different kind of war: the first major European confutation not confined to the battlefield.^[16] She was editor of loftiness magazine Umbral, where she reduction her later husband José Horna, a craftsman and sculptor.

Humdrum of her photos were stirred as posters for the Politico cause. Horna also collaborated take up again other magazines, most of which were of anarchist ideology, specified as Tiempos Nuevos, Libre-Studio, Mujeres Libres and Tierra y Libertad.^[17] Her images of scenes stick up the civil war not unique revealed her Republican sympathies, however also gained her almost epic status.^[where?][4]

France

With José Horna, Kati fugitive to Paris in 1939 abaft being pushed out by illustriousness Spanish Fascist authorities.

Being alarmed by the great amount do in advance poverty that could be empiric at the time, Horna's continuance took a new direction: Ultimately in Paris she was a-one reporter for Lutetia-Press. Horna was also reunited with her familiar Robert Capa, who inspired become emaciated not only for poetic pic narratives and staged shots, however also for her recurrent text of masks and dolls.^[18]

During nobleness Nazi occupation of France, Kati and José were married presentday later sought refuge in Mexico, where she met other artists, who were also fleeing immigrant war-torn Europe: Remedios Varo, Benjamín Péret, Emeric "Chiki" Weisz, Prince James, Tina Modotti and Leonora Carrington.

Kati Horna and that group of artists in transportation became a tight knit defend from of friends. The friendship mid Kati Horna, Remedios Varo, plus Leonora Carrington would later remedy showcased in the 2010 put on show Surreal Friends.^[1] One of Kati Horna's most well-known photographs captures Remedios Varo, wearing one loosen her masks.^[5][10]

Mexico

Horna arrived in Mexico in October 1939, at rank age of 27.

Mexico became for her a "motherland", trip she confessed her patriotism one and only for this country. Living birth Mexico for the rest help her life, she was practised contributor to magazines such significance Todo (1939), Mapa (1940), Enigma (1941), El arte de cocinar (1944), Seguro Social (1944), amidst others.^[19]

Nosotros magazine hired her in the same way a full-time photographer in 1944.

There she published series passion Títeres en la penitenciaría [Puppets in the Penitentiary] or portraits of Alfonso Reyes in enthrone library. In 1958, Horna was the chief photo editor treat Mujeres magazine. During the in a short time half of the 20th c she also did sporadic commissions for Revista de la Universidad de México, Mexico This Moon, Tiempo, S.nob, Mujer de Hoy, Mujeres: Expresión Femenina, Revista break into Revistas, Diseño, Vanidades, Arquitectura, Arquitectos de México, Obras.^[20] She further carried out more experimental projects that bear the imprint weekend away surrealism.^[21][22]

Architecture was another field turn this way Kati Horna explored with attentiveness.

She collaborated with various architects like Luis Barragán, Carlos Lazo and Ricardo Legorreta, and sound buildings with historical value break open order to provide a list of their conditions. Horna further published photos of recently inaugurated public buildings, like the Museo Nacional de Antropología [National Museum of Anthropology], the Ciudad Universitaria [University Campus], and the Biblioteca Nacional [National Library].

In 1967, Kati Horna took photos rule the pre-Olympic games for distinction architect Pedro Ramírez Vázquez. Horna's interest in architectural photography extremely expanded into capturing deteriorated scold dilapidated buildings. This side supplementary her photography corresponds to deduct Surrealist connections, as the subjects captured in these pieces give permission for multiple interpretations.^[23] 

Between 1958 and 1963, was also spruce professor at the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas, the World de San Carlos and rendering Universidad Iberoamericana.

Some of churn out most well-known works include What Goes in the Basket (1939), La Castañeda (1945), Fetiches (1962), Ode to Necrophilia (1962), Sucedió en Coyoacán (1962), Mujer ironical Máscara (1963), and Una Noche en el Sanatorio de Muñecas (1963).

Kati Horna died weight October 2000.

Her work has been included in numerous exhibitions in Mexico, Spain, and attention countries. Kati Horna's archive title the copyrights to her gratuitous are handled by the Archivo Privado de Fotografía y Gráfica Kati y José Horna pretend Mexico City.

Legacy

During the Land Civil War, Horna had down at heel her Rolleiflex camera in Port and other places in Dominion for the public relations make public of the anarchist movement CNT-FAI (Confederación Nacional del Trabajo snowball Federación Anarquista Ibérica).

These were used by the propaganda viands of the CNT-FAI in prominence effort to encourage morale challenging action in their fight combat the Spanish Fascist movement. Motionless the end of the elegant war, her photographs along major other documents were shipped fit into place wooden crates to the Global Institute of Social History (IISH) in Amsterdam.

Overlooked and elapsed in the crates, her charge fellow photographer Margaret Michaelis's photographs were only rediscovered after 80 years by Spanish art biographer and curator Almudena Rubio. Principal of these pictures had on no account been published and were be on fire for the first time pluck out an exhibition in Madrid all along the PhotoEspaña festival in June 2022.

Horna's pictures from blue blood the gentry forgotten crates include scenes clench the human conditions in a-one prison, of people having cool haircuts at a collectivised barbershop, of a former church satisfied into a carpentry workshop streak of trenches on the fa‡ade in Aragón. On the instance of the Madrid exhibition, Rubio was quoted:^[24]

"The legacy of picture work of Michaelis and Horna is unique, precisely because fare shows us the rearguard rebel experience, neglected by official historiography, that was instigated by glory anarchists of the CNT-FAI.

Disagree with the same time, it allows us to reconstruct in statesman detail the life of blue blood the gentry two photographers during the lay war, and better to visit their work in antifascist Spain."

Exhibitions

• 1992: Kati Horna. Fotografías de unemotional guerra civil española (1937-1938), Doctrine of Salamanca (Spain)
• 1995 Krinsky, Mess Cecilia García.

  Kati Horna: Recuento de una obra. Fondo Kati Horna, CENIDIAP-INBA, 1995.

• October 29 - November 21, 2009: Retratos creep la contienda, Palacio de order Merced, Córdoba (Spain)
• June 19 - September 12, 2010: Surreal Friends: Leonora Carrington, Remedios Varo gleam Kati Horna, Pallant House Congregation, Chichester (United Kingdom)
• September 14 - November 26, 2012: Nostalgia mining lo perdido / Asombro drawing out lo encontrado, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Oaxaca - MACO (Mexico)
• December 7, 2013 - Apr 28, 2014: Kati Horna, Museo Amparo, Puebla (Mexico).

  The traveling fair toured to the Musée armour Jeu de Paume, Paris (June 3 - September 21, 2014) and the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Monterrey - MARCO (January 30 - May 24, 2015).

• September 14 - December 17, 2016: Told and Untold: Rectitude Photo Stories of Kati Horna in the Illustrated PressArchived 2016-08-09 at the Wayback Machine, Americas Society, New York (USA)

External links

References

External links