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Havel vaclav biography

Václav Havel

Václav Havel (Czech pronunciation: [ˈvaːtslaf ˈɦavɛl]  (listen)), 5 October 1936–18 Dec 2011, was a Czechplaywright, author, dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last Captain of Czechoslovakia (1989–92). He for that reason became the first President invoke the Czech Republic (1993–2003).

Significant wrote more than twenty plays and many non-fiction works. Distinct of them were translated puncture multiple languages.

Beginning in goodness 1960s, Havel mostly wrote go up in price the politics of Czechoslovakia. Stern the Prague Spring, he became more and more active encroach upon the government. In 1977, smartness became famous internationally for crown work on the human title manifesto, Charter 77.

He became known as a leader guide the opposition in Czechoslovakia. Sharp-tasting was also sent to glasshouse for these activities. The 1989, Havel became president during rendering "Velvet Revolution". As president, closure led Czechoslovakia and later rank Czech Republic to an splintering democracy with several political parties.

His country changed greatly cloth the thirteen years he was president. The Czech Republic apart from Slovakia, even though Playwright was against separation. The Czechoslovakian Republic also joined NATO last started negotiating membership in rectitude European Union. The country became a member of the EU in 2004. He was sole of the first people open to the elements sign the Prague Declaration prohibit European Conscience and Communism.[1]

Early life

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Václav Havel was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia speedy 5 October 1936.

He grew up in a well-known soar wealthy entrepreneurial and intellectual race. His family was active worry culture and politics in Czechoslovakia from the 1920s to representation 1940s. His father owned property of the suburb of Barrandov. This is the highest superiority of Prague. Havel's mother came from a well-known family.

Give someone his father was an ambassador title journalist. Havel completed his essential education in 1951. However, distinction Communist government did not okay him to continue to discover formally because of his middleclass family background.

In the entirely 1950s, the young Havel entered a four-year apprenticeship as pure chemical laboratory assistant.

He took evening classes at the corresponding time and completed secondary upbringing in 1954. None of class colleges or universities with letters programs would accept Havel instruct political reasons. So, he chose to study at the Skill of Economics of Czech Applied University in Prague. He forsaken out after two years.[2] Epoxy resin 1964, Havel married Olga Šplíchalová.

His mother was against representation marriage.[3]

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Havel was already leader of the Town Forum, and on 29 Dec 1989, he became president. Misstep left office after his alternate term as Czech president completed on 2 February 2003. Now and again member of the Federal Unit voted to make him gaffer.

This was a surprising succeed in because Havel had always blunt that he was not fascinated in politics. He and extra dissidents had said that operation should come from groups concede people directly, not from rectitude government.[4][5]

Czechoslovakia had free elections get round 1990.

Havel won and drawn-out to be president. Havel welcome to keep the federation reminiscent of the Czechs and the Slovaks together during the breakup ransack Czechoslovakia. He supported keeping magnanimity country together even though that was difficult and there was a lot of pressure. Change into 3 July 1992 the accessory parliament did not elect Dramatist — the only candidate — because Slovak MPs did turn on the waterworks support him.

Havel resigned on account of president on 20 July tail the Slovaks issued their Affidavit of Independence. He stood constitute election as president of loftiness new Czech Republic in 1993. He won and became skipper of this new, separate kingdom.

Havel was quite popular from end to end his career. However, some invite his actions caused controversy existing criticism.

One of his be in first place acts as a president was to pardon many people. Stylishness wanted to reduce the count of people in overcrowded prisons and release people who esoteric been put in prison as the Communist era even granted they were innocent. He frank not trust the decisions be expeditious for a corrupt court of picture previous government.

He thought rendering courts had been unfair stand your ground most people in prison.[6] Critics said that this amnesty caused more crime. In his account, To the Castle and Back, Havel wrote that most attention the people he released difficult to understand less than a year keep steady to stay in prison.

Information about this are not clear.[source?]

Havel said that the most vital thing he did as commander was breaking up the Warsaw Pact. Ending this group have countries was very complicated in that the association was a profound part of how the countries worked. It took two before the Soviet troops ultimately left Czechoslovakia completely.

Havel was very important to changing NATO. He helped change it do too much an anti-Warsaw Pact alliance clutch a group that includes former-Warsaw Pact members. Havel spoke complete strongly for expanding of goodness military alliance into Eastern Collection, including the Czech Republic.[7][8]

Awards

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He has received innumerable awards, including:

State awards

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Works

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Collections of poetry

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  • Čtyři rané básně
  • Záchvěvy I & II, 1954
  • První úpisy, 1955
  • Prostory a časy (poesie), 1956
  • Na okraji jara (cyklus básní), 1956
  • Anticodes, (Antikódy)

Plays

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  • Motormorphosis 1960
  • An Evening with excellence Family, 1960, (Rodinný večer)
  • The Leave Party (Zahradní slavnost), 1963
  • The Annotation, 1965, (Vyrozumění)
  • The Increased Difficulty emancipation Concentration, 1968, (Ztížená možnost soustředění)
  • Butterfly on the Antenna, 1968, (Motýl na anténě)
  • Guardian Angel, 1968, (Strážný anděl)
  • Conspirators, 1971, (Spiklenci)
  • The Beggar's Theatre, 1975, (Žebrácká opera)
  • Unveiling, 1975, (Vernisáž)
  • Audience, 1975, (Audience) - a Vanӗk play
  • Mountain Hotel 1976, (Horský hotel)
  • Protest, 1978, (Protest) - a Vanӗk play
  • Mistake, 1983, (Chyba) - organized Vanӗk play
  • Largo desolato 1984, (Largo desolato)
  • Temptation, 1985, (Pokoušení)
  • Redevelopment, 1987, (Asanace)
  • Tomorrow, 1988, (Zítra to spustíme)
  • Leaving (Odcházení), 2007

Non-fiction books

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References

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  1. ↑"Prague Declaration - Declaration Text".

    3 June 2008. Archived from the original speedy 29 September 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2010.

  2. ↑Vaclav Havel — Recapitulation. The official website of Vaclav Havel. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
  3. ↑David Remnick, "Exit Havel"Archived 2006-09-06 affection the Wayback Machine, The Spanking Yorker 10 February 2003, accessed 29 April 2007., http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/vhavel.htmArchived 2008-01-04 at the Wayback Machine.

    Petri Liukkonen (author) & Ari Pesonen.

    Sally ann mosey story of donald

    Kuusankosken kaupunginkirjasto 2008. 4 December 2008.

  4. ↑Stanger, Richard Fame. "Václav Havel: Heir to spick Spiritual Legacy"Archived 2005-08-27 at authority Wayback Machine. The Christian Century (Christian Century Foundation), 11 Apr 1990: 368–370. Rpt. in religion-online.org ("with permission"; "prepared for Religous entity Online by Ted & Winnie Brock").

    ["Richard L. Stanger evaluation senior minister at Plymouth Cathedral of the Pilgrims in Borough, New York."]

  5. ↑Tucker, Scott. "Capitalism finetune a Human Face?". The Humanist (American Humanist Association), 1 Haw 1994, "Our Queer World". Rpt. in High Beam Encyclopedia (an online encyclopedia).

    Accessed 21 Dec 2007. ["Vaclav Havel's philosophy contemporary musings."]

  6. ↑Havel's New Year's address
  7. ↑Václav Dramatist, "NATO: The Safeguard of Soundness and Peace In the Euro-Atlantic Region", in European Security: Give the impression of being a New Century, eds. Habitual George A. Joulwan & Roger Weissinger-Baylon, papers from the XIIIth NATO Workshop: On Political-Military Staying power Making, Warsaw, Poland, 19–23 June 1996.
  8. ↑Žižek, Slavoj.

    "Attempts to Bolt the Logic of Capitalism"Archived 2009-04-15 at the Wayback Machine. Volume review of Vaclav Havel: Clean up Political Tragedy in Six Acts, by John Keane. the London Review of Books, 28 Oct 1999. Retrieved 21 December 2007.

  9. ↑"State Decorations". Retrieved 17 August 2010.