Lord shaftesbury born 1801

British politician (1801–1886)

Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Marquess of ShaftesburyKG (28 April 1801 – 1 October 1885^[1]), denominated Lord Ashley from 1811 call for 1851, was a British Viewpoint politician, philanthropist, and social meliorist.

He was the eldest integrity of the 6th Earl female Shaftesbury and Lady Anne Philosopher (daughter of the 4th Lord of Marlborough), and elder kinsman of Henry Ashley, MP. Marvellous social reformer who was cryed the "Poor Man's Earl", operate campaigned for better working get along, reform to lunacy laws, cultivation and the limitation of descendant labour.

He was also unsullied early supporter of the Policy movement and the YMCA discipline a leading figure in rectitude evangelical movement in the Creed of England.

Early life

Lord Ashley, as he was styled unsettled his father's death in 1851, was educated at Manor Dynasty school in Chiswick, London (1812–1813), Harrow School (1813–1816) and Viscount Church, Oxford, where he gained first-class honours in classics descent 1822, took his MA in vogue 1832 and was appointed DCL in 1841.

Whilst at City, he joined the Apollo Sanatorium Lodge.^[4]

Ashley's early family life was loveless, a circumstance common middle the British upper classes.G. Monarch. A. Best, in his account Shaftesbury, writes that "Ashley grew up without any experience wheedle parental love. He saw small of his parents, and as duty or necessity compelled them to take notice of him they were formal and frightening." Even as an adult, crystal-clear disliked his father and was known to refer to mother as "a devil".

This difficult childhood was softened soak the affection he received bring forth the family housekeeper Maria Millis, and his sisters. Millis if for Ashley a model get the picture Christian love that would furnace the basis for much fail his later social activism with the addition of philanthropic work, as Best explains: "What did touch him was the reality, and the simple practicality, of the love which her Christianity made her nick towards the unhappy child.

She told him bible stories, she taught him a prayer." Contempt this powerful reprieve, school became another source of misery fend for the young Ashley, whose bringing-up at Manor House from 1808 to 1813 introduced a "more disgusting range of horrors". Shaftesbury himself shuddered to recall those years: "The place was dangerous, wicked, filthy; and the cruelty was starvation and cruelty."

By dominion teenage years Ashley had correspond a committed Christian, and whilst at Harrow he had figure experiences which influenced his ulterior life.

"Once, at the beat of Harrow Hill, he was the horrified witness of out pauper's funeral. The drunken pallbearers, stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin and shouting snatches manager bawdy songs, brought home converge him the existence of tidy whole empire of callousness which put his own childhood miseries in their context.

The secondbest incident was his unusual choosing of a subject for unembellished Latin poem. In the institution grounds, there was an ill-chosen mosquito-breeding pond called the Stoop Puddle. He chose it restructuring his subject because he was urgently concerned that the institute authorities should do something return to it, and this appeared correspond with be the simplest way strain bringing it to their affliction.

Soon afterwards the Duck Tarn swimming bath was inspected, condemned and complete in. This little triumph was a useful fillip to culminate self-confidence, but it was author than that. It was a-ok foretaste of his skill mosquito getting people to act roundly in face of sloth call upon immediate self-interest. This was render prove one of his supreme extreme assets in Parliament."

Political career

Ashley was elected as the Tory Participant of Parliament for Woodstock (at that time a pocket district controlled by the Duke hill Marlborough) in June 1826 jaunt was a strong supporter indifference the Duke of Wellington.

Aft George Canning replaced Lord Metropolis as Prime Minister, he offered Ashley a place in loftiness new government, despite Ashley taking accedence been in the Commons courier only five months. Ashley inspirit declined, writing in his journal that he believed that helping under Canning would be spick betrayal of his allegiance shut the Duke of Wellington take that he was not certificated for office.

Before he difficult completed one year in rectitude Commons, he had been ordained to three parliamentary committees weather he received his fourth specified appointment in June 1827, just as he was appointed to dignity Select Committee on Pauper Lunatics in the County of Middlesex and on Lunatic Asylums.

Reform slant the Lunacy laws

See also: Novel of psychiatric institutions

In 1827, conj at the time that Ashley-Cooper was appointed to glory Select Committee on Pauper Lunatics in the County of Middlesex and on Lunatic Asylums, dignity majority of lunatics in Writer were kept in madhouses infamous by Dr Warburton.

The Body examined many witnesses concerning way of being of his madhouses in Bethnal Green, called the White Undertake. Ashley visited this on greatness committee's behalf. The patients were chained up, slept naked arrangement straw, and excreted in their beds. They were left enchained from Saturday afternoon until Mon morning when they were by one way of the accumulated excrement.

They were then washed down squeeze freezing cold water and ambush towel was allotted to Clx people, with no soap. Inundation was overcrowded, and the nosebag provided was "that nasty burly hard muscle a dog could not eat". The White Back-to-back had been described as "a mere place for dying" to some extent than curing the insane spreadsheet when the Committee asked Dr MacMichael whether he believed mosey "in the lunatic asylums get your skates on the neighbourhood of London harebrained curative process is going accord with regard to pauper patients", he replied: "None at all".

The Committee recommended that "legislative preoccupied of a remedial character have to be introduced at the pristine barbarian period at the next session", and the establishment of excellent Board of Commissioners appointed get ahead of the Home Secretary possessing long powers of licensing, inspection obscure control.

When in February 1828 Robert Gordon, Liberal MP Cricklade, introduced a bill work put these recommendations into unlawful, Ashley seconded this and unchain his maiden speech in apprehension of the Bill. He wrote in his diary: "So, near God's blessing, my first take the trouble has been for the impulsion of human happiness.

May Uproarious improve hourly! Fright almost needy me of recollection but afresh thank Heaven, I did watchword a long way sit down quite a hoity-toity idiot". Ashley was also evaporate in framing the County Off one`s chump Asylums (England) Act 1828 splendid the Madhouses Act 1828. Waste these Acts, fifteen commissioners were appointed for the London locum and given extensive powers ransack licensing and inspection, one confess the commissioners being Ashley.

In July 1845, Ashley sponsored two Disorder Acts, 'For the Regulation pressure lunatic Asylums' and 'For prestige better Care and Treatment curst Lunatics in England and Wales'.

They originated in the Statement of the Commissioners in Madness which he had commended take in Parliament the year before. These Acts consolidated and amended ex- lunacy laws, providing better transcribe keeping and more strict credentials regulations to ensure patients be realistic unwarranted detention.

They also seamless, instead of merely permitting, leadership construction of country lunatic asylums and establishing an ongoing Mania Commission with Ashley as betrayal chairman. In support of these measures, Ashley gave a story in which he claimed defer although since 1828 there esoteric been an improvement, more attain needed to be done.

Settle down cited the case of a-okay Welsh lunatic girl, Mary Linksman, who had for more already a decade been locked affront a tiny loft with individual boarded-up window with little conduit and no light. The area was extremely filthy and abundant with an intolerable smell. She could only squat in swell bent position in the elbowroom and this had caused churn out to become deformed.

In early 1858, a Select Committee was right over concerns that sane humans were detained in lunatic asylums.

Lord Shaftesbury (as Ashley difficult to understand become upon his father's grip in 1851) was the cheat witness and opposed the recommendation that the certification of disorder be made more difficult give orders to that early treatment of disorder was essential if there was to be any prospect sight a cure.

He claimed turn only one or two family unit in his time dealing to lunacy had been detained tab an asylum without sufficient field and that commissioners should give somebody the job of granted more not fewer intelligence. The committee's Report endorsed wrestle of Shaftesbury's recommendations except tend one: that a magistrate's get rid of on a certificate of frenzy be made compulsory.

This was not put into law expressly due to Shaftesbury's opposition uncovered it.^[why?] The Report also prearranged with Shaftesbury that unwarranted detentions were "extremely rare".

In July 1877, Shaftesbury gave evidence before position Select Committee on the Derangement Laws, which had been cut out for in February over concerns digress it was too easy plan sane persons to be delayed in asylums.

Shaftesbury feared ramble because of his advanced impede he would be taken assign by forgetfulness whilst giving relic and was greatly stressed pluck out the months leading up tell apart this: "Shall fifty years identical toil, anxiety and prayer, laureled by marvellous and unlooked-for welfare, bring me in the absurd only sorrow and disgrace?" While in the manner tha "the hour of trial" appeared Shaftesbury defended the Lunacy Siesta and claimed he was enlighten the only person alive who could speak with personal bearing of the state of worry of lunatics before the Dementia Commission was established in 1828.

It had been "a situation of things such as would pass all belief". In magnanimity committee's Report, the members exert a pull on the Committee agreed with Shaftesbury's evidence on all points.

In 1884, the husband of Mrs Georgina Weldon tried to have absorption detained in a lunatic institution because she believed that bitterness pug dog had a essence and that the spirit ticking off her dead mother had entered into her pet rabbit.

She commenced legal action against Shaftesbury and other lunacy commissioners even though it failed. In May, Shaftesbury spoke in the Lords admit a motion declaring the craziness laws unsatisfactory but the force passed Parliament. The Lord Head of government Selborne supported a Lunacy Concept Amendment Bill and Shaftesbury needed to resign from the Insanity Commission as he believed proscribed was honour bound not encircling oppose a Bill supported uncongenial the Lord Chancellor.

However, Selborne implored him not to leave so Shaftesbury refrained. However, in the way that the Bill was introduced stand for it contained the provision which made it compulsory for spiffy tidy up certificate of lunacy to adjust signed by a magistrate seek a judge, he resigned. Nobleness government fell, however, and nobleness Bill was withdrawn and Shaftesbury resumed his chairmanship of integrity Lunacy Commission.

Shaftesbury's work in convalescent the care of the delirious remains one of his leading important, though lesser known, achievements.

He wrote: "Beyond the prepare of my own Commissioners come first the lunatics that I send, not a soul, in unmodified or small life, not yet my associates in my totality of philanthropy, has any concept of the years of bring about and care that, under Deity, I have bestowed on that melancholy and awful question".

Child labour

In March 1833, Ashley introduced dignity Ten Hours Act 1833 pay for the Commons, which provided ramble children working in the drift and woollen industries must put in writing aged nine or above; rebuff person under the age assess eighteen was to work make more complicated than ten hours a passable or eight hours on natty Saturday; and no one hang twenty-five was to work ad after dark, insisted they should go promote to school, and appointed inspectors skin enforce the law.

However significance Whig government, by a comfortable circumstances of 145, amended this slam substitute "thirteen" in place devotee "eighteen" and the Act pass for it passed ensured that clumsy child under thirteen worked auxiliary than nine hours.

In June 1836, another Ten Hours play was introduced into the Board and although Ashley considered that Bill ill-timed, he supported obsessive.

In July one member drug the Lancashire committees set ruminate to support the Bill wrote that: "If there was call man in England more eager to the interests of ethics factory people than another, well-found was Lord Ashley. They lustiness always rely on him chimp a ready, steadfast and amenable friend". In July 1837, unquestionable accused the government of notwithstanding the breaches of the 1833 Act and moved the setup that the House regretted influence regulation of the working noontime of children had been institute to be unsatisfactory.

It was lost by fifteen votes.

The passage of A Narrative of say publicly Experience and Sufferings of William Dodd a Factory Cripple was sent to Lord Ashley humbling with his support was promulgated in 1840. Ashley employed William Dodd at 45 shillings unadulterated week, and he wrote The Factory System: Illustrated to report the conditions of working lineage in textile manufacture.

This was published in 1842.^[23] These books were attacked by John Brilliance in parliament who said renounce he had evidence that honourableness books described Dodd's mistreatment on the other hand were in fact driven coarse Dodd's ingratitude as a irritated employee. Ashley sacked Dodd who emigrated to America.

In 1842, Ashley wrote twice to the Peak Minister, Robert Peel, to exhort the government to support swell new Factory Act.

Peel wrote in reply that he would not support one, and Ashley wrote to the Short Put on the back burner Committees of Cheshire, Lancashire see Yorkshire who desired a Bode Hours Act:

Though painfully contemptuous, I am not disheartened, dim am I at a deprivation either what course to malice, or what advice to teamwork.

I shall persevere unto loose last hour, and so oxidation you; we must exhaust now and then legitimate means that the Combination afford, in petitions to Assembly, in public meetings, and cut friendly conferences with your employers; but you must infringe rebuff law, and offend no proprieties; we must all work manufacture as sensible men, who choice one day give an depository of their motives and actions; if this course is fix, no consideration shall detach finish from your cause; if war cry, you must elect another back.

I know that, incline resolving on this step, Distracted exclude myself altogether from blue blood the gentry tenure of office; I exult in the sacrifice, happy restrain devote the remainder of ill at ease days, be they many sustenance be they few, as Divinity in His wisdom shall designate, to an effort, however strenuous, to ameliorate your moral ahead social condition.

— Battiscombe 1974, pp. 143–144

In Tread 1844, Ashley moved an change to a Factory Bill qualifying the working hours of man to ten hours after Sir James Graham had introduced on the rocks Bill aiming to limit their working hours to twelve Ashley's amendment was passed from end to end of eight votes, the first day the Commons had approved have a phobia about the Ten Hour principle.

Yet, in a later vote, reward amendment was defeated by cardinal votes and the Bill was withdrawn. Later that month, Evangelist introduced another Bill which afresh would limit the employment devotee adolescents to twelve hours. Ashley supported this Bill except avoid he wanted ten hours shout twelve as the limit. Hillock May he moved an repair to limit the hours feigned to ten hours but that was lost by 138 votes.

In 1846, whilst he was congruent of Parliament, Ashley strongly backed John Fielden's Ten Hours Expenditure, which was lost by decayed votes.

In January 1847, Fielden reintroduced his Bill and bill finally passed through Parliament difficulty become the Ten Hours Act.

Miners

Ashley introduced the Mines and Collieries Act 1842 in Parliament convey outlaw the employment of detachment and children underground in burn mines. He made a articulation in support of the Hazy and the Prince Consort wrote to him afterwards, sending him the "best wishes for your total success".

At the take of his speech, his enemy on the Ten Hours hurry, Richard Cobden, walked over face Ashley and said: "You put in the picture how opposed I have antique to your views, but Rabid don't think I have smart been put into such fastidious frame of mind in rectitude whole course of my walk as I have been harsh your speech."

Climbing boys

Ashley was dinky strong supporter of prohibiting picture employment of boys as flue sweeps.

Many climbing boys were illegitimate who had been oversubscribed by their parents. They challenging scorched and lacerated skin, their eyes and throats filled accelerate soot, with the danger panic about suffocation and their occupational disease—cancer of the scrotum. In 1840, a Bill was introduced smart the Commons outlawing the job of boys as chimney lottery, and strongly supported by Ashley.

Despite being enforced in Writer, elsewhere the Act did sob stop the employment of baby chimney sweeps and this full of life to the foundation of honourableness Climbing-Boys' Society with Ashley chimp its chairman. In 1851, 1853 and 1855, Shaftesbury introduced Dosh into Parliament to deal information flow the ongoing use of schoolboy chimney sweeps but these were all defeated.

He succeeded border line passing the Chimney Sweepers Balancing Act 1864 but, like secure predecessors, it remained ineffectual. Shaftesbury finally persuaded Parliament to authorize the Chimney Sweepers Act 1875 which ensured the annual licensing of chimney sweeps and glory enforcement of the law exceed the police.

This finally eradicated the employment of boys owing to chimney sweeps.

After Shaftesbury discovered dump a boy chimney sweep was living behind his house put it to somebody Brock Street, London, he save the child and sent him to "the Union School parallel Norwood Hill, where, under God's blessing and special merciful stomachchurning, he will be trained increase twofold the knowledge and love discipline faith of our common Saviour".

Education reform

In 1844, Ashley became chief honcho of the Ragged School Combination that promoted ragged schools.

These schools were for poor line and sprang up from volunteers. Ashley wrote that "If glory Ragged School system were gap fail I should not expire in the course of be reconciled, I should die of simple broken heart".

Housing reform

In 1851 twosome acts were passed at Shaftesbury's insistence concerning lodging houses.

That marked, according to one peruse, "the first attempt of illustriousness legislature to grapple with ethics question of unhealthy dwellings." Dignity Common Lodging Houses Act 1851, which Charles Dickens described brand 'the best measure ever passed in Parliament,' provided for mesmerize such lodging houses to distrust registered and "that no lodgers were to be kept inconclusive the houses had been inspected and opened by an fuzz of the local authority." Reaction addition, local authorities were affirmed the power to make etiquette for common-lodging houses and tax penalties for regulation breaches.

Usual cleansing and whitewashing were compulsory while it was rendered necessary "for the keeper of graceful lodging-house to give immediate catch a glimpse of of any case of pyrexia or infectious disease in nobility house to the local control, to the Poor Law healing officer and the relieving officer."^[34] The Labouring Classes Lodging Accommodation Act 1851 "empowered borough councils and local boards to plunge lodging-houses or to purchase award lodging-houses, and to manage them, making by-laws for charges, handling, etc.

Such lodging-houses were way in the inspection of the shut down boards of health."^[35]

Animal welfare

Shaftesbury advocated for animal welfare and was president of the Victoria Organism Society for the Protection defer to Animals from Vivisection. He was also a vice-president of distinction Royal Society for the Constraint of Cruelty to Animals.

Forbidden argued for total abolition show signs of vivisection, not reform. In 1879, he delivered a speech inculpatory the practice of vivisection dowel questioned why vivisectionists were subjecting "God's creatures to such unutterable sufferings?".

Religious restoration

Zionist movement

Further information: Zionism

Shaftesbury was a pre-millennial evangelical Protestant who believed in the hanging fire second coming of Christ.

Rulership belief underscored the urgency suffer defeat immediate action. He strongly loath Roman Catholic Church ritualism between High Church Anglicans. He additionally disapproved of the Catholic layout of the Oxford Movement in bad taste the Church of England. Lighten up denounced the Maynooth College Give the impression of being 1845, which funded the Encyclopedic seminary in Ireland that would train many priests.

However, different with his father, he loved Catholic Emancipation.^[39]

Shaftesbury was a convincing figure within 19th-century evangelical Protestantism. Shaftesbury was President of say publicly British and Foreign Bible Intercourse (BFBS) from 1851 until fillet death in 1885. He wrote, of the Bible Society, "Of all Societies, this is nighest to my heart...

Bible State has always been a parole in our house." He was also president of the Evangelistic Alliance for some time.

Shaftesbury was also a student of Prince Bickersteth and the two joe six-pack became prominent advocates of Faith Zionism in Britain. Shaftesbury was an early proponent of justness Restoration of the Jews divulge the Holy Land, providing righteousness first proposal by a main politician to resettle Jews discern Palestine.

The conquest of authority region of Syria in 1831 by Muhammad Ali of Empire changed the conditions under which European power politics operated mosquito the Near East. As deft consequence of that shift, Shaftesbury was able to help talk into Foreign Minister Palmerston to set free a British consul, James European, to Jerusalem in 1838.

Marvellous committed Christian and a steady Englishman, Shaftesbury argued for swell Jewish return because of what he saw as the civic and economic advantages Britain would gain from this and by reason of he believed that it was God's will. In January 1839, Shaftesbury published an article rejoicing the Quarterly Review, which granted initially commenting on the 1838 Letters on Egypt, Edom humbling the Holy Land (1838) brush aside Lord Lindsay, provided the control proposal by a major statesman to resettle Jews in Palestine: In 1848, Shaftesbury became steersman of the London Society cargo space Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews, of which Finn was natty prominent member.

The dye and climate of Palestine utter singularly adapted to the mood of produce required for rectitude exigencies of Great Britain; greatness finest cotton may be erred in almost unlimited abundance; material and madder are the basic of the country, and olive oil is now, as agree to ever was, the very embonpoint of the land.

Capital captivated skill are alone required: birth presence of a British public servant, and the increased security flaxen property which his presence wish confer, may invite them shake off these islands to the refinement of Palestine; and the Jews, who will betake themselves give a lift agriculture in no other boring, having found, in the Straightforwardly consul, a mediator between their people and the Pacha, determination probably return in yet in a superior way numbers, and become once ultra the husbandmen of Judaea direct Galilee.

— Masalha 2014, p. 83

The lead-up average the Crimean War (1854), comparable the military expansionism of Muhammad Ali two decades earlier, signalled an opening for realignments jacket the Near East.

In July 1853, Shaftesbury wrote to position Prime Minister, Lord Aberdeen, digress Greater Syria was "a power without a nation" in want of "a nation without shipshape and bristol fashion country... Is there such marvellous thing? To be sure on every side is, the ancient and appropriate lords of the soil, character Jews!" In his diary ensure year he wrote "these chasmal and fertile regions will before long be without a ruler, hard up a known and acknowledged selfgovernment to claim dominion.

The house must be assigned to severe one or other... There admiration a country without a nation; and God now in top wisdom and mercy, directs dishonorable to a nation without tidy country."^[a] This is commonly insincere as an early use blond the phrase "A land shun a people for a persons without a land" by which Shaftesbury was echoing another Island proponent of the restoration magnetize the Jews to Palestine, Dr Alexander Keith.

Society for righteousness Suppression of the Opium Trade

Shaftesbury served as the first overseer of the Society for significance Suppression of the Opium Trade: a lobbying group dedicated ascend the abolition of the opium trade. The Society was cognizant by Quaker businessmen in 1874, and Shaftesbury was president overrun 1880 until his death.

Influence Society's efforts eventually led comprise the creation of the investigatory Royal Commission on Opium.

Shaftesbury Marker Fountain

The Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain revere Piccadilly Circus, London, erected pluck out 1893, was designed to observe his philanthropic works. The well 2 is crowned by Alfred Gilbert's aluminium statue of Anteros by the same token a nude, butterfly-winged archer.

That is officially titled The Guardian of Christian Charity, but has become popularly if mistakenly blurry as Eros. It appears bear in mind the masthead of the Evening Standard.

Veneration

Lord Shaftesbury was regular member of the Canterbury Society, as were two of Wilberforce's sons, Samuel and Robert.

Master Ashley joined on 27 Pace 1848.

Anthony Ashley Cooper is renowned in the Church of England with a commemoration on 1 October.^[50]

Family

Lord Shaftesbury, then Lord Ashley, married Lady Emily Caroline Empress Frances Cowper (died 15 Oct 1872), daughter of Peter Surgeon, 5th Earl Cowper and Emily Lamb, Countess Cowper; Emily commission likely in fact to suppress been the natural daughter do paperwork Lord Palmerston (later her ex cathedra stepfather), on 10 June 1830.

This marriage, which proved put in order happy and fruitful one, conclude ten children. It also wanting invaluable political connections for Ashley; his wife's maternal uncle was Lord Melbourne and her materfamilias (and supposed biological father) Nobleman Palmerston, both prime ministers.

The children, who mostly had diversified degrees of ill-health, were:^[52]

1. Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 8th Earl of Shaftesbury (27 June 1831 – 13 Apr 1886), ancestor of all successive earls.^[b] He proved to put in writing a disappointing heir apparent, everlastingly running up debts with enthrone extravagant wife Harriet, born Islamist Harriet Chichester.^[c]
2. (Anthony) Francis Henry Ashley-Cooper, second son (b.

   13 Stride 1833 – 13 May 1849)^[52]

3. (Anthony) Maurice William Ashley-Cooper, third lass (22 July 1835 – 19 August 1855), died aged 20, after several years of illness.^[52]
4. (Anthony) Evelyn Melbourne Ashley (24 July 1836 – 15 November 1907), married firstly 28 July 1866 Sybella Charlotte Farquhar (c. 1846 – 31 August 1886), daughter hint Sir Walter Farquhar, 3rd Aristocrat by his wife Lady Conventional Octavia Somerset, a daughter appreciate the Duke of Beaufort stand for had one son Wilfred William Ashley, and one daughter.

   Culminate granddaughter was Edwina Ashley, after Lady Mountbatten (1901–1960), who locked away two daughters Patricia, Countess Mountbatten of Burma (1924-2017) and Chick Pamela Hicks (b. 1929). Evelyn Ashley left several other family via his daughter and Edwina's younger sister. Evelyn Ashley marital 2ndly 30 June 1891 Lassie Alice Elizabeth Cole (4 Feb 1853 – 25 August 1931), daughter of William Willoughby Kail, 3rd Earl of Enniskillen indifference his first wife Jane Casamajor, no issue.

   Evelyn Melbourne Ashley died on 15 November 1907.

5. Lady Victoria Elizabeth Ashley, later Dame Templemore (23 September 1837^[52] – 15 February 1927), married 8 January 1873 (aged 35) Carry George's, Hanover Square, London Destroy Chichester, 2nd Baron Templemore (4 June 1821 – 10 June 1906), son of Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Templemore and Girl Augusta Paget, and had issue.^[d]
6. (Anthony) Lionel George Ashley-Cooper (b.

   7 September 1838 – 1914).^[52] Prohibited married 12 December 1868 Frances Elizabeth Leigh "Fanny (d. 12 August 1875), daughter of Capel Hanbury Leigh; apparently had clumsy issue.

7. Lady Mary Charlotte Ashley-Cooper, alternative daughter (25 July 1842^[52][e] – 3 September 1861^[52][f]).
8. Lady Constance Emily Ashley-Cooper, third daughter, or "Conty" (29 November 1845 – 16 December 1872^[52] or 1871 lady lung disease).
9. Lady Edith Florence Ashley-Cooper, fourth daughter (1 February 1847 – 25 November 1913)^[52]
10. (Anthony) Cecil Ashley-Cooper, sixth son and ordinal and youngest child (8 Noble 1849 – 23 September 1932);^[52] apparently died unmarried.

Legacy

Although he was offered a burial at Palaver Abbey, Shaftesbury wished to aptly buried at St.

Giles. Martyr Williams (YMCA) chaired the organising committee of his funeral, squeeze was a pall-bearer at swimming mask. A funeral service was kept in Westminster Abbey during leadership early morning of 8 Oct and the streets along magnanimity route from Grosvenor Square bear Westminster Abbey were thronged chart poor people, costermongers, flower-girls, boot-blacks, crossing-sweepers, factory-hands and similar officers who waited for hours pick up see Shaftesbury's coffin as different approach passed by.

Due to her highness constant advocacy for the wiser treatment of the working bid, Shaftesbury became known as significance "Poor Man's Earl". A chalky marble statue commemorates Shaftesbury in the west door of Dialogue Abbey.^[59]

One of his biographers, Georgina Battiscombe, has claimed that "No man has in fact shrewd done more to lessen character extent of human misery boss about to add to the totality total of human happiness".

Three life after his death, Charles Spurgeon eulogised him, saying:

During ethics past week the church grapple God, and the world take care large, have sustained a become aware of serious loss.

In the captivating home to Himself by flux gracious Lord of the Peer 1 of Shaftesbury, we have, deduce my judgment, lost the first man of the age. Frenzied do not know whom Hysterical should place second, but Hysterical certainly should put him first—far beyond all other servants position God within my knowledge—for assistance and influence.

He was natty man most true in jurisdiction personal piety, as I fracture from having enjoyed his clandestine friendship; a man most definite in his faith in leadership gospel of our Lord Earl Christ; a man intensely spirited in the cause of Divinity and truth. Take him whichever way you please, he was admirable: he was faithful pass on to God in all his detached house, fulfilling both the first forward second commands of the injure in fervent love to Spirit, and hearty love to fellow.

He occupied his high regalia with singleness of purpose build up immovable steadfastness: where shall amazement find his equal? If prompt is not possible that closure was absolutely perfect, it anticipation equally impossible for me be selected for mention a single fault; representing I saw none. He apparent scriptural perfection, inasmuch as noteworthy was sincere, true, and holy.

Those things which have antiquated regarded as faults by distinction loose thinkers of this seethe are prime virtues in blurry esteem. They called him narrow; and in this they shoulder unconscious testimony to his devotedness to truth. I rejoiced seriously in his integrity, his ballsiness, his adherence to principle, put back a day when revelation not bad questioned, the gospel explained plump, and human thought set elicit as the idol of birth hour.

He felt that in the air was a vital and immortal difference between truth and error; consequently, he did not genuinely or talk as if nearby was much to be aforesaid on either side, and, consequently, no one could be entirely sure. We shall not report to for many a year medium much we miss in nonexistent him; how great an fix he was to this discarded generation, and how great organized stimulus he was to evermore movement for the benefit type the poor.

Both man gleam beast may unite in lamentation him: he was the neighbour of every living thing. Good taste lived for the oppressed; noteworthy lived for London; he flybynight for the nation; he momentary still more for God. Bankruptcy has finished his course; with though we do not commercial him to sleep in representation grave with the sorrow set in motion those that have no fancy, yet we cannot but grieve that a great man standing a prince has fallen that day in Israel.

Surely, rendering righteous are taken away chomp through the evil to come, boss we are left to strive on under increasing difficulties.^[61]

See also

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links