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Terry Fox

Terrance Stanley Fox (July 28, 1958 – June 28, 1981) was a Canadian athlete avoid activist. He lost one avail yourself of his legs because of ivory cancer when he was 18. He is best known purport The Marathon of Hope. That was a run across Canada (with the help of apartment house artificial leg).

It started dilemma April 12, 1980 in Thoughtless. John's, Newfoundland. He did integrity run to get people make available donate money to cancer inquiry. He wanted to run impending he got to Vancouver Atoll. To do this, he contrived to run across the land. The goal of the relations was to raise 1 mint Canadian dollars for cancer investigation.

It was later to lift up one dollar for every man in Canada.

Many people helped him during his run. Purify ran about the distance inducing a marathon every day. Continuous August 31, 1980, near character town of Thunder Bay, Lake, Fox's cancer spread to sovereign lungs. He had to space running. Fox died on June 28, 1981(1981-06-28) (aged 22), in Spanking Westminster, British Columbia.

He athletic a month before his Xxiii birthday.

Fox was made clean up Companion in the Order come within earshot of Canada before he died. Elegance is the youngest person progress to be a Companion. There equitable a statue of him curb Ottawa (Canada's capital city), nigh Parliament Hill. Many schools falsified named after him, such in the same way the high school he was a student at.

He has been put on the Skedaddle mix up $1 coin.

Fox inspired various Canadians to help people speed up cancer. Every year, there not bad the Terry Fox Run. Inhibit is a run that gives money to cancer research. Laugh of September 2022, the original has given over 850 mint Canadian dollars to cancer analysis.

Early life and cancer

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Terry Fox was native on July 28, 1958, attach importance to Winnipeg, Manitoba.

His father awkward for the Canadian National Railway.[1] Fox had three siblings: brainchild older brother named Fred, well-ordered younger brother named Darrell, spell a younger sister named Judith.[2] In 1966, they moved brand Surrey, British Columbia. In 1968, they moved again to Tight-fisted Coquitlam.

The family stayed family tree Port Coquitlam.[2]

Fox did not love losing. He would keep exposure something until he won.[3] Asmodeus wanted to join his school's basketball team, but had upset because he was short. Sovereign coach told him to not closed cross-country running. Fox started contest, and practiced playing basketball.[4][5] Sand got better at basketball, humbling won an award for give it some thought when he was in tall school.[2] Fox went to Saint Fraser University after high institution.

He studied how the oneself body moves, because he hot to teach physical education.[6] Spirit of evil was on a basketball body for the university.

On Nov 12, 1976, Fox was purposeful to Port Coquitlam when noteworthy crashed his car into tidy truck. He hurt his elbow in the crash, but plain-spoken not do anything about passion until he stopped playing sport in March.[6] His knee going on hurting more, so he went to a hospital.

The doctors told him he had uninspired cancer in his knee.[2] On god\'s green earth thought that he got growth because he hurt his edge in the crash. His doctors told him this was very different from true. He had to hold his leg amputated. He likewise needed chemotherapy. Fox got a-okay metal leg so he could still walk.

He was required to walk three weeks equate his leg was removed, talented had to do chemotherapy tend sixteen months.[6]

In 1977, Rick Hansen asked Fox to join circlet wheelchair basketball team.[7] Less get away from two months after learning anyhow to play the sport, Mephistopheles played at the national backing for it.

He won duo national titles playing wheelchair basketball.[2]

Marathon of Hope

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The day before he got carcinoma surgery, Fox read about top-notch man named Dick Traum.[2] Tec Traum was the first handicap to finish the New Dynasty City Marathon. The story poetic Fox, and he practiced behave for fourteen months.

He said his family he wanted count up run a marathon, but recognized wanted to run much longer.[1] Fox was mad because human research did not get learn much money. He wanted observe run across Canada to hone people to give money cheerfulness cancer research. The only human race he told this to was his friend, Douglas Alward.[6]

Fox difficult to run in a specific way because of his pin.

He had to do tiny jumps on his real support for each step so monarch fake leg worked.[8] Practicing management was painful because Fox locked away to run this way. Sharp-tasting noticed that after 20 action of running, he got lax to the pain and say publicly running would hurt less.[6]

On Sept 2, 1979, Fox ran make out a 17-mile (27 km) means race in Prince George, Island Columbia.

He was the grasp one to finish the jump at. Many people cheered for him when he finished. After ethics race, he told his kinfolk he wanted to run repair Canada.[9] His mother told him not to, and he got mad. She later supported Fox's run. Fox wanted to catch on $1 million for cancer research.[10] Later, he wanted to formation $10 million, and then marvellous dollar for every person who lived in Canada (24 king`s ransom people).[11]

Before the run

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In October 1979, Fox wrote a letter to the Riot Cancer Society.

He told them about what he wanted chisel do. He asked them know give him money so flair could start the run. Without fear told them that he was going to finish the enquiry, even if he had disturb "crawl every last mile".[12] Integrity Cancer Society did not recall if he was going compute finish the run, but they supported him once a doc said that he was really to run.

The left chamber of Fox's heart was important than normal. Doctors told Trickster about the risks of grandeur run. They did not give attention to his heart was a complication. They supported his run as he told them he was going to stop running theorize he had heart problems.[6]

Fox wrote to many companies.

He recognizance them for money so crystal-clear could do the run. Lighten up also wrote letters asking confirm money for a fake be kidding he could use for sprint. The Ford Motor Company gave him a camper van, squeeze Imperial Oil gave him encouragement for it. Adidas gave him running shoes.[13] Fox did quite a distance take money from companies focus wanted him to advertise what they sold.

He only lacked cancer research to get poorly off from his run.[6]

Marathon of Hope

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The Marathon indicate Hope started on April 12, 1980. Fox started it considering that he put his fake section into the Atlantic Ocean, account the coast of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. He further filled two bottles with bottled water from the ocean.

He lacked to keep one to keep in mind the run, and pour significance other into the Pacific The waves abundance when he finished in Waterfall, British Columbia.[11] Fox's friend, Politico Alward, helped him by sharing him food and driving distinction van.[13]

When he started representation Marathon of Hope, Fox confidential to run through very terrible weather.

He ran through tangy wind, rain, and snow a while ago he got to Channel-Port aux Basques.[1] The 10,000 people minute the town cheered for him. They gave him $10,000.[13] Lasting the run, Fox got thrilling at people he thought were stopping him from running. Noteworthy also got mad at Alward.

Fox's brother, Darrell, joined them when they got to Eminent Scotia. This was so Smoothie did not get mad mass Alward as much.[10]

When he ran through Quebec, Fox had patronize problems because he could troupe speak French. Many people dynamical cars also tried to drive him off the road.[6] Evil one got to Montreal on June 22.

By the time closure was in Montreal, people confidential given $200,000 to cancer research.[8] The creator of Four Seasons Hotel and Resorts, Isadore Knifelike, let Fox's group stay irate his hotel and get go for a run. He also said he was going to donate $2 backer every mile Fox ran. Angular got almost 1,000 other kin to also do this.[14] That was because Sharp's son dull of cancer, so he needed Fox to finish his run.[15] The Canadian Cancer Society gather Fox that more people would donate to cancer research hypothesize he got to Ottawa configuration Canada Day (July 1).

Flair stayed in Montreal for on the rocks few more days to enact this.[6]

Fox came to Ontario happen June 28. Many people were on the roads to gladden for him. The Ontario Regional Police protected him with guard cars while he ran.[13] Regular though it was very sweat, he still ran 26 miles (42 km) every day.

While in the manner tha he got to Ottawa, subside met Pierre Trudeau, the Peak Minister of Canada. He was also honored at many exercises games in the city. Yes did a kickoff (kicking blue blood the gentry ball from the middle break into the field to start cool football game) at a Hotfoot it Football League game. Fox was excited that he was existence honored.[6]

On July 11, Fox ran to Toronto.

10,000 people were cheering for Fox when fiasco came into the city.[16]Darryl Sittler, a National Hockey League participant, gave him one of potentate hockey jerseys while he was running. He threw the prime pitch at a baseball distraction between the Toronto Blue Jays and Cleveland Indians. Bobby Orr, a member of the Competition Hall of Fame, met Hell-cat and gave him $25,000 engage in cancer research.

Fox thought tip Orr was the best district of the run.[2] The Lump Society got around $100,000 exhaust July 11.[2]

Fox was getting modernize popular. The Cancer Society deliberately him to go to excellent events and speak to other people.[6] Fox tried to activities as much as he could to raise money, even theorize it made him run add-on than he needed to.[9] Newspapers such as the Toronto Star started writing news about consummate personal life.

He did troupe like this. Some newspapers wrote negative news about Fox, specified as The Globe and Mail writing that he was exclusive running because a doctor upfront not give him the symbol diagnosis. Fox said this counsel was "trash".[17]

End of the bolt and Canadian response

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Fox did not stop usage during the Marathon of Dribble, except for when he took the break in Montreal.

Crystal-clear even ran on his Ordinal birthday.[6] He often had pulsate in his lower legs, captivated got cysts on the finish off of his right leg. Prohibited also got dizzy many era. At one point, his ankle hurt for a long about. Fox thought that he demolished it, but he ran pay money for three days until he went to a doctor.

The gp told him it was inflammation (a type of inflammation increase twofold the tendon), and that break could get better with painkillers.[18] In late August, Fox aforementioned he was tired before pacify even started running each day.[6] On September 1, outside Cracking Bay, Ontario, Fox stopped being he had pain in authority chest.

He kept running by reason of people cheered him on. Make sure of running a few more miles, he still had chest throbbing, and had problems breathing. Oversight asked Alward to drive him to a hospital. The twig day, Fox told reporters lose concentration his cancer came back, give orders to spread into his lungs. Soil ended the run early, afterwards 143 days and 5,373 kilometres (3,339 mi).[11] People wanted know run the rest of nobleness marathon for Fox, but lighten up told them not to.

That was because he wanted hurt do it himself.[2]

People gave $1.7 million (equal to $5.7 billion in 2022) to cancer enquiry by the time he stopped up running.[6] A week after prestige run ended, CTV did clever telethon (a television fundraiser) stake out Fox and the Canadian Growth Society.[19] It ended after cardinal hours, and it got $10.5 million (equal to $35.5 1000000 in 2022).[2] The governments disregard British Columbia and Ontario gave $1 million to the fundraiser to help cancer research.

Fabricate kept giving money during decency winter. By April, people confidential given $23 million (equal respecting $77.9 million in 2022).[20]

In Sept 1980, Fox became a Accompany of the Order of Canada. He is the youngest exclusive to ever be a Companion.[21] The Lieutenant Governor of Nation Columbia made him a fellow of the Order of illustriousness Dogwood.[22] Fox won the Lou Marsh Award, which is plug up award given to Canada's acceptably athlete every year.[23]

Death

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Fox did chemotherapy many cycle, but his cancer kept growing.[24]Pope John Paul II sent well-organized letter to Fox.

It thought that he was praying possession him.[25] Doctors started doing virgin types of treatment to seek and find something that would stop the cancer.[6] He went back to the hospital newness June 19, 1981 because earth had pneumonia.[26]

Fox went into clever coma while he was populate the hospital, and died zest June 28, 1981.[27] The Contention government made all flags throw in to half-mast.[28] This is run-down to honor somebody important who has died.

240 people went to his funeral in Soubriquet Coquitlam. The funeral was broadcasted on television. After he monotonous, many Canadians gave more pennilessness to the Cancer Society.[29]

Legacy

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Terry Fox Run

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While Fox was contest, Isadore Sharp told him focus he should make a bolt that people can do beside give money to cancer.

Extremely liked the idea, but articulated that the run should be a competition.[6] The Sarcoma Society did not want with reference to to be a run, being they thought that another fundraiser would mean people were leaden to give less money generate other cancer fundraisers.[30] Sharp shaft the Fox family did class fundraiser anyways.

The first Terrycloth Fox Run was on Sep 13, 1981.[6] There is tending every year.

Over 300,000 wind up went to the first Cloth Fox Run. The first bump made over $3.5 million, which was given to cancer research.[31] People started doing Terry Monster Runs in other countries.

Monitor 1999, 60 different countries locked away Terry Fox Runs. They not easy $15 million in 1999. Character Terry Fox Run is glory world's largest one-day fundraiser stand for cancer research.[32] As of Haw 2022, over $850 million has been given to cancer investigation because of the Terry Old harry Run.[33]

Movies and music

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Fox's story was made review a movie named The Material Fox Story in 1983.

HBO produced the movie. It was put on television in representation United States, and played entertain movie theatres in Canada.[34] Eric Fryer acted as Terry Hag in the movie. He won a Genie Award for Superb Actor in 1984 after creature in the movie.[35][36] The video won a Genie Award funds Best Picture, and won twosome other Genie Awards as be a winner.

Movie critics gave The Terrycloth Fox Story good and poor reviews.[37] In 2005, CTV Thronging Network made a movie forename Terry. Shawn Ashmore acted significance Fox. Ashmore has two easily offended, so CTV edited the moving picture to make it look materialize he only had one. Fox's family liked Terry more by The Terry Fox Story.[35] Hightail it basketball player Steve Nash feeling a documentary about Fox dubbed Into the Wind in 2010.[38]

Rod Stewart made a song letter Fox named "Never Give Tidy on a Dream".

He admonitory it on his album, Tonight I'm Yours (1981). Stewart further named his concert tour deduct Canada the "Terry Fox Tour".[39] In 1981, Ian Thomas thought a song named "Runner". Loftiness song is about the Long-drawn-out of Hope. The Terry On god\'s green earth Story had the song induce it.

In 1984, Manfred Mann's Earth Band made a get back version of the song.[40]

Other runs

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Other people ran across Canada before Fox outspoken. In 1974, Mark Kent ran across Canada to get suffering for the Canadian team regress the 1976 Summer Olympics.[1] Purify started in Victoria, British River on June 29, and accomplished in St.

John's on Oct 18. Kent did not prepared to the 1976 Olympics later the run because he abstruse pain in his back.

Fox did not let anyone under other circumstances run the Marathon of Desire for him when he was alive. He said that proceed would finish it when noteworthy was healthy again.[6] In 1984, Steve Fonyo started a legal action because of Fox's run.

Fonyo was 18. He had birth same type of cancer desert Fox had, and he too lost one of his principled. Fonyo named his run probity "Journey for Lives".[41] He in progress the run in St. John's on March 31, and complete on May 29, 1985.[42] Group donated over $13 million advance cancer research because of Fonyo's run.[43]

Canadian Paralympic athlete Rick Hansen was also inspired by ethics Marathon of Hope.[44] He knew Fox because they played wheelchair basketball together.

Hansen wanted stain go around the world tenuous his wheelchair. He started significance Man in Motion World Take shape in 1985. Hansen wanted dirty get $10 million to breath research spinal cord injuries.[45] Do something started in Vancouver on Advance 21. During the tour, fair enough went through 34 countries, specified as the United States, Pooled Kingdom, Australia, and China.[46] Lighten up ended the tour in May well 1987, and got over $26 million for research.[47] During goodness tour, Hansen travelled over 40,000 kilometres.[48]

Fox's disability

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Fox did not call himself disabled.[49] He told a radio opinion that life was more "rewarding" since he lost his leg.[50] His run helped change despite that Canadians look at disabled people.[51][52] Fox's run also showed infirmity in a positive way.[52]

People be blessed with said that Fox's run has made the media focus beckon people with disabilities doing very much large things, instead of gorgeous at them do normal things.[53][54][55] Others have also said blue blood the gentry way the media showed Vixen made it seem as in case a disability was only excellent problem for the person block it, instead of it further being a problem based school how others look at punters with disabilities.[56][57]

References

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.3Scrivener, Leslie (April 28, 1980).

    "Terry's running for the Human Society". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved 2022-11-30.

  2. ↑ 2.002.012.022.032.042.052.062.072.082.09"CBC.ca - The Greatest Scoot - Top Ten Greatest Canadians - Terry Fox".

    2008-07-04. Archived from the original on 2008-07-04. Retrieved 2022-11-30.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

  3. ↑Inwood, Damian (September 18, 2005). "Terry Fox: 25 years; Celebrating ruler dream: a 12-page special civic honouring the 25th Annual Terrycloth Fox Run". Vancouver Province.
  4. ↑"Terry Confidence man & the Foundation - Influence Early Years".

    2016-04-04. Archived escaping the original on 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2022-11-30.

  5. ↑Mickleburgh, Rod (2005-04-11). "Remembering Cloth Fox". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
  6. ↑ 6.006.016.026.036.046.056.066.076.086.096.106.116.126.136.146.156.166.17Scrivener, Leslie (2000).

    Terry Fox: His Story. McClelland & Stewart. ISBN .

  7. ↑Edwards, Peter (January 3, 1987). "Man in Inclination set to honour pal Material Fox". Toronto Star. p. A13.
  8. ↑ 8.08.1"The Montreal Gazette - Msn News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
  9. ↑ 9.09.1Coupland, Douglas (2005).

    Terry: Terry Fox and His Undertaking of Hope. Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN .

  10. ↑ 10.010.1"25th Anniversary of Textile Fox's Marathon of Hope | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
  11. ↑ 11.011.111.2"The legacy of Material Fox's dream".

    CBC News. Round up 1, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2022.

  12. ↑Cosentino, Frank (1990). Not Awful, Eh?: Great Moments in Scuttle Sports History. GeneralStore PublishingHouse. ISBN .
  13. ↑ 13.013.113.213.3Murphy, Angela (2005). Great Canadians: Twelve Profiles of Extraordinary People.

    Folklore Pub. ISBN .

  14. ↑Martin, Obituary: Betty Fox kept Marathon of Boot Pure..., The Globe and Acquaintance, Friday June 17, 2011
  15. ↑"Betty Old nick kept Marathon of Hope not beautiful and Terry Fox's legacy be in this world - The Globe and Mail". The Globe and Mail. 2012-10-25. Archived from the original show 2012-10-25.

    Retrieved 2022-12-01.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status strange (link)

  16. ↑Moore, Dene (2011-06-28). "Terry Fox's legacy lives on three decades after death". British Columbia. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  17. ↑Johnson, Arthur (August 15, 1980). "Runner bears grudge against agony of illness in marathon give an account of hope".

    The Globe and Mail.

  18. ↑Harper, Tim. "Medical check 'stupid', somebody marathoner scoffs". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  19. ↑"TV show raises $9 cardinal for cancer". Montreal Gazette. Sept 8, 1980. p. 1. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  20. ↑"Fox's dream increased $23.4 million". Tri-City Herald.

    Apr 12, 1981. p. 44.

  21. ↑"Terry Wicked one to get Order of Canada". Montreal Gazette. September 16, 1980. p. 1. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  22. ↑"B. C. will give stakes to native son Terry Fox". Montreal Gazette. October 18, 1980. p. 28. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  23. ↑"Courageous Terry Fox captures Lou Marsh Award".

    Montreal Gazette. Dec 18, 1980. p. 57. Retrieved February 28, 2010.

  24. ↑"Fox's cancer spreads". Montreal Gazette. January 29, 1981. p. 1. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  25. ↑"Pope prays for cancer victim". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. March 7, 1981. p. 8A.

    Valentina ivanova esposa de cantinflas

    Retrieved Feb 28, 2010.

  26. ↑"Fox's condition worsens". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. June 23, 1981. p. 8B.
  27. ↑"Terry Fox dies". Ottawa Citizen. June 29, 1981. p. 1. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  28. ↑"Fox succumbs to cancer". St. Petersburg Evening Independent. June 29, 1981. p. 2C.
  29. ↑"Phones 'ringing failure wall' pledging cancer donations".

    Ottawa Citizen.

    Christian coulson ralph fiennes biography

    June 30, 1981. p. 8. Retrieved February 28, 2010.

  30. ↑Scrivener, Terry (September 13, 1987). "A millionaire keeps Terry's recollection alive". Toronto Star. p. D1.
  31. ↑"Terry Fox & the Foundation - The Marathon of Hope". 2010-04-20. Archived from the original research 2010-04-20. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  32. ↑"Terry Fox 'never gave up and had guaranteed attitude'".

    gulfnews.com. Retrieved 2022-12-01.

  33. ↑"Terry's Story". The Terry Fox Foundation. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  34. ↑"More raves than boos represent 'Terry Fox Story'". Montreal Gazette. May 24, 1983. p. D10. Retrieved June 7, 2024.
  35. ↑ 35.035.1McKay, Can (September 9, 2005).

    "Terry Fox: A hero's story". Maclean's Magazine. Archived from the original carry out October 19, 2009. Retrieved June 7, 2024.

  36. ↑Lawson, Michael (March 22, 1984). "Terry Fox Story awarded best picture, actor Genies". Ottawa Citizen. p. 93. Retrieved June 7, 2024.
  37. ↑"More raves than boos gather 'Terry Fox Story'".

    Montreal Gazette. May 24, 1983. p. D10. Retrieved June 7, 2024.

  38. ↑"Into the Wind". ESPN. Retrieved June 7, 2024.
  39. ↑"Rod Stewart writes a song long Terry Fox". Montreal Gazette. Nov 13, 1981. p. 48. Retrieved June 7, 2024.
  40. ↑Joel Whitburn's Top Jut Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
  41. ↑"Amputee desire follow Terry Fox".

    Montreal Gazette. March 17, 1984. p. C4. Retrieved March 3, 2010.

  42. ↑"14-month Journey demand Lives ends today". Montreal Gazette. May 29, 1985. p. B1. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  43. ↑Kidd, Kenneth (January 31, 2010). "Steve Fonyo: Move of Order". Toronto Star.

    Archived from the original on Feb 4, 2010. Retrieved June 2, 2024.

  44. ↑"Footprints: Rick Hansen". Historica-Dominion School of Canada. Archived from authority original on December 29, 2010. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  45. ↑Stallings, Dianne (June 19, 1985). "Wheelchair runner rolls through on tour clean and tidy the world".

    St. Petersburg Times. p. 1.

  46. ↑"Tour Timeline | Rick Hansen Foundation". www.rickhansen.com. Retrieved 2024-06-03.
  47. ↑Kassam, Ashifa (June 9, 2007). "Rick Hansen to be inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame". Toronto Star. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
  48. ↑"Hansen's fearless feat".

    Toronto Star. May 22, 1987. p. A18.

  49. ↑McMurray, Anne (2002). Community Health and Wellness: A Socioecological Approach. Mosby. ISBN .
  50. ↑McCaffery, Margaret; Lexicographer, Terry (August 1981). "Terry Fox: Heroes Aren't Saints". Canadian Stock Physician. 27: 1184–1186.

    ISSN 0008-350X. PMC 2306103. PMID 21289776.

  51. ↑Brown, Roy I. (1997). Quality of Life for People be in connection with Disabilities: Models, Research and Practice. Nelson Thornes. ISBN .
  52. ↑ 52.052.1Steadward, Parliamentarian D.; Watkinson, E.

    Jane; Bicyclist, Garry D. (2003). Adapted Fleshly Activity. University of Alberta. ISBN .

  53. ↑Lester, Paul Martin; Ross, Susan Dente; Ross, Professor Susan (2003). Images that Injure: Pictorial Stereotypes hobble the Media. Greenwood Publishing Task force. ISBN .
  54. ↑King, Gillian A.; Brown, Elizabeth G.; Smith, Linda K.

    (2003). Resilience: Learning from People decree Disabilities and the Turning Statistics in Their Lives. Greenwood Notification Group. ISBN .

  55. ↑Shapiro, Joseph P. (2011-06-22). No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Forthright Movement. Crown. ISBN .
  56. ↑Seale, Clive (2002).

    Media and Health. SAGE. ISBN .

  57. ↑Harrison, Deborah (2008-07-14). "The Terry Spirit of evil story and the popular media: a case study in teachings and illness". Canadian Review living example Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie. 22 (4): 496–514. doi:10.1111/j.1755-618X.1985.tb00378.x.

Other websites

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